白菜の葉先が枯れる症状:心腐れ症・縁腐れ症の対策
目次
心腐れ症・縁腐れ症の予防と対策
白菜の栽培をしていると、生育中期くらいから、新しく出てくる葉っぱの先が枯れてくる症状があります。
生育中期以降に症状が出るので対策を打つのが遅くなるのも原因です。
これは軟腐病などの病気ではなく、生理障害で引き起こされます。
この写真が縁腐れ症の症状です。
縁腐れ症がひどくなって白菜の芯の部分まで枯れてくる心腐れ症になっています。
原因
原因は大きく分けて2つあります
2.生育初期段階で水分が少なかった
ではどうすれば、これらの症状を改善させることが出来るのでしょうか。
カルシウム不足の対策
まずカルシウム不足に関しては、ほとんどの場合カルシウムが足りないわけではありません。
窒素分が多すぎるがゆえに、カルシウムの吸収率が下がっていることが原因です。
固形のカルシウムやリキダスなどを使ってカルシウムを追加してもいいのですが、まずは土壌にある窒素の栄養素を減らす必要があります。
脇芽の出る野菜でしたら、脇芽をたくさん伸ばして栄養を分散させることで、早く窒素の栄養素が吸収されるため、窒素過多をなくすことができます。
しかし白菜のように脇芽が出ない野菜の場合はそうはいきません。
まずプランター栽培で液体肥料を使っている場合でしたら、水やりをして液体肥料分を薄めてしまえば窒素過多の症状は治まります。
固形肥料を使っている場合は、水やりをすると窒素分が流れ出るため、余計に吸収してしまいます。
しかし水をやらないと、もう1つの原因である水分不足による縁腐れ症になります。
ですから、次の肥料のタイミングを遅らせたり、1回分飛ばしたりして、今土壌にある窒素の肥料分を全て使い切るようにしていくほかありません。
ただ私の経験上、縁腐れ症はカルシウム不足で起こる確率は低いと考えています。
窒素過多になる土壌というのは、窒素分がリン酸やカリウムなどの他の栄養素に比べて極端に多いということになります。
普通の化成肥料を与えている時に、大体は配合比率が8:8:8であることが多いです。
または液体肥料を使う場合でも、配合比率は6:8:7のようにリン酸が少し多いことはあっても、窒素が多いことはあり得ません。
そう考えると普通に肥料を与えている状況で窒素過多にはなりえないのです。
どのような場合に窒素過多になるかというと、油かすを多く施肥したとか、牛ふん堆肥を多く与えた場合に起こります。
また窒素過多になると葉っぱの色が極端に濃い緑になります。
このような理由から、私は窒素過多による縁腐れ症はほとんどありえないと考えています。
一度窒素分を減らしてカルシウムを補給しても治らないのであれば、次の生育初期における水分不足が原因だと思います。
生育初期における水分不足
おそらく原因はこちらです。
家庭菜園をしている場合は、基本的に毎日水やりをする方も多いはずですから、縁腐れ症になりにくいと思います。
農家さんのように基本的には水やりをせず、雨の恵みを受ける場合は、生育初期の段階で雨が降らないと縁腐れ症になることが多い気がします。
ではなぜ再生栽培の時に起きやすいかというと、最初に根がないため、水分の吸収率が悪いからです。
私のように根が付いてない状態で直接土に植えると縁腐れ症を引き起こしやすくなると思います。
こちらが原因の場合は、なにをやっても縁腐れ症を治すことはできません。
症状が軽ければ、葉っぱのふちの部分だけしか枯れないので、葉っぱの真ん中のほうは食べることができます。
家庭菜園でしたら、自分が食べるので見た目がそこまで気にならないのでしたら、枯れた部分を切って食べてしまって大丈夫です。
これらのことから、白菜の再生栽培に限り、根が出るまで水に浸けて再生栽培を行うようにすることで縁腐れ症を防止することができると思っています。
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